Abstract—Walden Pond and Woods, Massachusetts, U.S is
an iconic destination, best known for Henry David Thoreau’s
book-Walden (1854). Thoreau’s philosophy and the literal
value of the book as well as the natural landscape of Walden
inspired worldwide literature readers and numerous modern
environmentalists. This unique cultural and historical
landscape has a long history of conservation effort in various
forms started as far back as 1800’s. As a result, now, 80
percent of Walden Woods is permanently preserved. This
study focuses on the changing socio-cultural environments and
corresponding activities by various stake holders. To clarify
the factors that led to its success of today, primary source
survey and hearings to the stakeholders were taken place. The
study period from 1845 to 2016 is divided in 4phases by
characteristic socio-cultural environments. In each phase,
corresponding conservation activities were researched and
clarified: Phase1 (1845 ~1921): Industrialization and
population increase vs. individual activities; Phase2
(1922~1972): Economic growth and Middlesex County’s
management policy vs. citizen group’s movement; Phase3
(1972~1987): Rise of environmental awareness vs. involvement
of public agencies, policy and plan makings and public input;
Phase4 (1988~2016): Suburbanization vs. WWP and
continuous implementation of conservation plan. The clarified
factors that lead to the success are 1) Common value of the
place to empathy with 2) Diversity in stakeholders 3) Longterm
and systematic conservation plan with both government
and citizen’s participation
Index Terms—Conservation of cultural and historic
landscape, Walden Pond and Woods, socio-cultural
environment, common value of the place
Wonmin Chung is with Sur La Colline Inc., Fukuoka, Japan.
Higuchi Akihiko is with Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan. Email:
higuchi@doc.kyushu-u.ac.jp (H.A.).
*Correspondence: chung@surlacolline.net (W.C.)
[PDF]
Cite: Wonmin Chung* and Higuchi Akihiko, "Conservation of Cultural and Historic Landscape of Walden
Pond and Woods − With a Particular Focus on Socio-cultural
Environment and Corresponding Activities," International Journal of Social Science and Humanity vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 291-297, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).